LT: 3p||<

Unfortunately, this is one skill that probably can only be developed through repeated mistakes because it is not likely that a freshly minted graduate will be able to give an accurate estimate of the duration that an activity will require.

If anything, it is common for people to overestimate their abilities and underestimate the amount of time required to complete an activity. As a rule of thumb, you will probably need to add a buffer to your estimates but not to the extent that you end up “padding” your duration estimates (which is not considered professional behaviour).

When accepting input from users in your web application, there is always the chance that the user will key in some code that causes errors ranging from the cosmetic to the malicious.

One of the most common cosmetic errors is when the user formats everything nicely in a <textarea> but all the formatting is lost when it is redisplayed. This can usually be easily solved by using the nl2br() function where all the new lines in the user’s input is converted to HTML-friendly <br /> tags.

To guard against malicious code such as when users try a cross-site scripting attack or inject some HTML that can seriously screw up your web page, you should clean up the input by using the htmlspecialchars(), htmlentities() or strip_tags() (arranged in ascending order of “paranoidness”) functions depending on your requirements.

Much too often, projects fall victim to the “scope creep” syndrome where the project scope expands with disregard to the scope that was originally agreed when it was first chartered.

This often causes many problems inside and out of the organisation. For the organic project team working within the organisation, they will find that tasks are constantly being added to their plate in a never-ending stream and the project sponsor/s will constantly be hounding them on why deadlines are not met — even when the original deadlines were established without the new additions to the scope!

Exernal to the organisation, the vendors will also face problems as they will be caught between the wall and a very hard place: risk annoying the customers by refusing to add to the original project scope or take on the additional scope and overallocate resources beyond the original budget?